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Message: [QUOTE="Cedar, post: 3613485, member: 1309"] Researchers have discovered that ticks can transmit more than four different pathogens in a single bite, so it is possible that some of Elena’s persisting symptoms are due to coinfections. Elena mentioned Bartonella and other coinfections in her letter. It is also possible that Elena’s symptoms are due to Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease. Persistence of Borrelia burgdorferi after several weeks of oral antibiotic treatment has now been demonstrated in [URL='https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29662016']humans[/URL], dogs, monkeys, mice, horses, and other animals. Some of the studies, such as [URL='https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18316520']this one[/URL] and [URL='https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24466286']this one[/URL], have used xenodiagnosis to show that Borrelia can survive treatment with ceftriaxone. Indeed, this [URL='https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31308087']study[/URL] demonstrated that persistent spirochetes remain viable for up to 18 months following antibiotic treatment. The book “Bitten: The Secret History of Lyme Disease and Biological Weapons” alleges that scientist Willy Burgdorfer claimed that the disease was part of a [URL='https://www.popularmechanics.com/military/research/a28425676/ticks-biological-warfare/']biological weapons program[/URL] that went awry. [/QUOTE]