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Message: [QUOTE="SVCBeercats, post: 2844239, member: 7874"] [B]Per Wikipedia:[/B] The order was issued as part of a Union campaign against a [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_market']black market[/URL] in Southern cotton, which Grant thought was being run "mostly by Jews and other unprincipled traders."[URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Order_No._11_(1862)#cite_note-1'][1][/URL] In the war zone, the United States licensed traders through the United States Army, which created a market for unlicensed ones. Union military commanders in the South were responsible for administering the trade licenses and trying to control the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_market']black market[/URL] in Southern [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cotton']cotton[/URL], as well as for conducting the war. Grant issued the order in an effort to reduce corruption. Following protests from Jewish community leaders and an outcry by members of Congress and the press, President [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln']Abraham Lincoln[/URL] revoked the General Order on January 4, 1863. During his campaign for the presidency in [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_1868']1868[/URL], Grant infamously claimed that he had issued the order without prejudice against Jews, but as a way to address a problem that “certain Jews had caused.” [SIZE=5][B]Text of Grant's Order[/B][/SIZE] General Order No. 11 decreed as follows: [LIST=1] [*][B]The Jews, as a class violating every regulation of trade established by the Treasury Department and also department orders[/B], are hereby expelled from the Department [of the Tennessee] within twenty-four hours from the receipt of this order. [*]Post commanders will see to it that all of this class of people be furnished passes and required to leave, and any one returning after such notification will be arrested and held in confinement until an opportunity occurs of sending them out as prisoners, unless furnished with permit from headquarters. [*]No passes will be given these people to visit headquarters for the purpose of making personal application of trade permits. [/LIST] In a letter of the same date sent to [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Wolcott'][COLOR=#404040]Christopher Wolcott[/COLOR][/URL], the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Assistant_Secretary_of_War'][COLOR=#404040]United States Assistant Secretary of War[/COLOR][/URL], Grant explained his reasoning: Sir, I have long since believed that in spite of all the vigilance that can be infused into Post Commanders, that the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_money_(policy)'][COLOR=#000000]Specie[/COLOR][/URL] regulations of the Treasury Dept. have been violated, and that mostly by Jews and other unprincipled traders. So well satisfied of this have I been at this that I instructed the Commdg Officer at Columbus [Kentucky] to refuse all permits to Jews to come south, and frequently have had them expelled from the Dept. [of the Tennessee]. But they come in with their [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpet_bag'][COLOR=#000000]Carpet sacks[/COLOR][/URL] in spite of all that can be done to prevent it. The Jews seem to be a privileged class that can travel any where. They will land at any wood yard or landing on the river and make their way through the country. If not permitted to buy Cotton themselves they will act as agents for someone else who will be at a Military post, with a Treasury permit to receive Cotton and pay for it in Treasury notes which the Jew will buy up at an agreed rate, paying gold. There is but one way that I know of to reach this case. That is for Government to buy all the Cotton at a fixed rate and send it to [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cairo,_Illinois']Cairo[/URL], St Louis, or some other point to be sold. Then all traders, they are a curse to the Army, might be expelled.[URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Order_No._11_(1862)#cite_note-marcus-10'][10][/URL] [/QUOTE]

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